<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Internet Assistant for Microsoft Word 2.0z">
<TITLE> lil-gp 1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
<H1 ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="4"></FONT>
lil-gp 1.0 User's Manual<BR>
</H1>
<P ALIGN="center">
Douglas Zongker Dr. Bill
Punch
</P>
<P ALIGN="center">
Michigan State University Michigan State
University
</P>
<P ALIGN="center">
zongker@isl.cps.msu.edu punch@isl.cps.msu.edu
<BR>
</P>
<P ALIGN="center">
11 July 1995<BR>
</P>
<P>
Copyright (c) 1995 Michigan State University.<BR>
</P>
<P>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation.<BR>
</P>
<P>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.<BR>
</P>
<P>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P>
<P>
<B><FONT SIZE="5">Contents<BR>
</FONT></B>
</P>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm">1 Introduction</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.1">1.1 Features
</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.2">1.2 Kernel</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.3">1.3 Specification of Problems
</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.4">1.4 Multiple Populations</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.5">1.5 Availability</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch1.htm#1.6">1.6 Author</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm">2 Background</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.1">2.1 Introduction</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.2">2.2 Defining an Application
</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.2.1">2.2.1 Closure
</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.2.2">2.2.2 Examples</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.3">2.3 Size of Individuals</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.4">2.4 Fitness</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.5">2.5 Population Initialization</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.6">2.6 Selection</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.7">2.7 Operators</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="DEFAULT" WIDTH="50%">
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.7.1">2.7.1 Crossover</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.7.2">2.7.2 Reproduction</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.7.3">2.7.3 Mutation</A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.8">2.8 Automatically Defined Functions (ADFs)
</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch2.htm#2.8.1">2.8.1 ADFs in lil-gp</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm">3 Compiling lil-gp</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.1">3.1 Preparing the kernel
</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.2">3.2 Building the Sample Problems</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3">3.3 Running the Sample Problems
</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="DEFAULT" WIDTH="75%">
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3.1">3.3.1 Symbolic Regression
</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3.2">3.3.2 Artificial Ant</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3.3">3.3.3 Boolean 11-Multiplexer
</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3.4">3.3.4 Two-boxes</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.3.5">3.3.5 Lawnmower</A>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch3.htm#3.4">3.4 Compiling Without the Makefile</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch4.htm">4 Running lil-gp</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch4.htm#4.1">4.1 Invoking lil-gp</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch4.htm#4.1.1">4.1.1 Parameter Files</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch4.htm#4.2">4.2 Output Files</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm">5 Parameters</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.1">5.1 General
</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.2">5.2 Output</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.3">5.3 Size Limits
</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.4">5.4 Initialization</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.5">5.5 Selection Methods</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.6">5.6 Breeding</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.7">5.7 Operators</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch5.htm#5.8">5.8 Multiple Populations</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm">6 Implementing Problems</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.1">6.1 Basic Definitions</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.2">6.2 Functions and Terminals</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="DEFAULT" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="#6.2.1">6.2.1 Ephemeral Random Constants</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.2.2">6.2.2 Evaluation and Argument Functions</A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3">6.3 User Callbacks</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="DEFAULT" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.1">6.3.1 Defining the Function Set(s)</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.2">6.3.2 Fitness Evaluation Function</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.3">6.3.3 Custom Output</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.4">6.3.4 Application Initialization</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.5">6.3.5 Output Streams</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD><A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.3.6">6.3.6 Checkpoint Files</A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.4">6.4 Order of Processing</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.5">6.5 Kernel Considerations</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.5.1">6.5.1 Memory Allocation</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch6.htm#6.5.2">6.5.2 Using Parameters</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<B><A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm">7 Extending the Kernel</A></B>
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.1">7.1 Tree Representation</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.2">7.2 Selection Methods</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.3">7.3 Operators</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.4">7.4 Miscellany</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="DEFAULT" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.4.1">7.4.1 Tree Generation Spaces</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.4.2">7.4.2 Saved Individuals</A>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD><A HREF="lil-gp.ch7.htm#7.4.3">7.4.3 Ephemeral Random Constants</A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</BODY>
</HTML>