Insane_DNS/include/insane_dns/util.h

/*
 *  BLT Memory Util for parsing DNS packets / BLT + ASIO simple packet sender / BLT Type Name Demangler.
 *  This software is unlikely to become part of BLT main but is provided under the BLT license (GPL 3).
 *  Copyright (C) 2023  Brett Terpstra, Et al
 *
 *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#ifndef INSANE_DNS_UTIL_H
#define INSANE_DNS_UTIL_H

#include <insane_dns/constants.h>
#include <type_traits>
#include <asio.hpp>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <blt/std/memory.h>
#include <blt/std/logging.h>

#ifdef __GNUC__
    
    #include <cxxabi.h>

#endif

using asio::ip::udp;
using asio::ip::tcp;

namespace blt
{
    
    /**
     * Basic parser for processing strings of bytes received from UDP sockets. This class provides a simple interface for efficiently copying the
     * big endian bytes from the network into the little endian bytes required by x86 processors. The class also provides basic safety guarantees
     * in the sense that the program will halt execution if reading the bytes would overflow the internal buffer.
     */
    class byte_reader
    {
        private:
            unsigned char* _data;
            const size_t _size;
            mutable size_t _current_byte;
        public:
            explicit byte_reader(unsigned char* data, size_t size, size_t start_offset): _data(data), _size(size), _current_byte(start_offset)
            {}
            
            /**
             * Read the next byte in the data stream then increment the internal counter by 1
             * @return the next byte in the array
             */
            inline unsigned char& next() const
            {
                BLT_ASSERT(_current_byte < _size);
                return _data[_current_byte++];
            }
            
            /**
             * Reads data into the provided template parameter, reordering the byte into the correct little endian format
             * @tparam T type to read (deduction is automatic)
             * @param t variable reference to read into
             */
            template<typename T>
            inline void to(T& t) const
            {
                BLT_ASSERT(_current_byte + sizeof(T) <= _size);
                // I hate little endian. I hate dealing with converting between endianness
                // it is very easy to do it very slowly
                // So I made BLT provide a simple interface to convert between bytes dependent on the platform
                // for small integral types (16, 32, and 64) it will compile to 3 instructions using compiler intrinsics.
                // Larger POD types are supported but will use std::reverse and therefore be slow.
                blt::mem::fromBytes(&_data[_current_byte], t);
                skip(sizeof(T));
            }
            
            /**
             * Copy from the internal data buffer, advancing the internal stream, into the provided unsigned char array. *No reordering is done*
             * @param out character array to write to
             * @param size number of bytes to copy
             */
            inline void copy(unsigned char*& out, size_t size) const
            {
                BLT_ASSERT(_current_byte + size < _size);
                std::memcpy(out, &_data[_current_byte], size);
                skip(size);
            }
            
            /**
             * Skip bytes in the data stream, useful for skipping sections of the DNS packet we may not care about.
             * @param s number of bytes to skip.
             */
            inline void skip(size_t s = 1) const
            {
                _current_byte += s;
            }
            
            /**
             * @return 1 past the last byte we wrote to, otherwise known as the next byte we will be writing to.
             */
            inline size_t last() const
            {
                return _current_byte;
            }
            
            /**
             * @return a pointer to a location in the internal buffer starting at last()
             */
            inline unsigned char* from()
            {
                BLT_ASSERT(_current_byte < _size);
                return &_data[_current_byte];
            }
    };
    
    namespace network
    {
        /**
         * Sends a simple UDP message to the provided host on the DNS port and outputs the response into the out buffer
         * @param host host to send the message to
         * @param in buffer to send
         * @param in_size size of buffer
         * @param out buffer to write to
         * @param out_size size of data that was written. Make sure `out` has enough room for the packet.
         */
        void sendUDPMessage(const std::string& host, const unsigned char* const& in, size_t in_size, blt::scoped_buffer<unsigned char>& out,
                            size_t& out_size)
        {
            BLT_DEBUG("Sending UDP DNS request to '%s' of size %d", host.c_str(), in_size);
            asio::io_context io_context;
            udp::endpoint receiver_endpoint(asio::ip::address::from_string(host), 53);
            
            udp::socket socket(io_context);
            socket.open(udp::v4());
            
            socket.send_to(asio::const_buffers_1(in, in_size), receiver_endpoint);
            
            udp::endpoint sender_endpoint;
            out_size = socket.receive_from(asio::buffer(out.data(), out.size()), sender_endpoint);
            BLT_DEBUG("Received UDP DNS response from '%s' of size %d", host.c_str(), out_size);
        }
        
        /**
         * Sends a simple TCP message to the provided host on the DNS port and outputs the response into the out buffer
         * @param host host to send the message to
         * @param in buffer to send
         * @param in_size size of buffer
         * @param out buffer to write to
         * @param out_size size of data that was written. Make sure `out` has enough room for the packet.
         */
        void sendTCPMessage(const std::string& host, const unsigned char* const& in, size_t in_size, blt::scoped_buffer<unsigned char>& out,
                            size_t& out_size)
        {
            BLT_DEBUG("Sending TCP DNS request to '%s' of size %d", host.c_str(), in_size);
            asio::io_context io_context;
            tcp::resolver resolver(io_context);
            tcp::resolver::results_type endpoints = resolver.resolve(host, "53");
            
            tcp::socket socket(io_context);
            asio::connect(socket, endpoints);
            
            asio::write(socket, asio::buffer(in, in_size));
            
            out_size = socket.read_some(asio::buffer(out.data(), out.size()));
            BLT_DEBUG("Received TCP dns response from '%s' of size %d", host.c_str(), out_size);
        }
    }

#ifdef __GNUC__
    
    /**
     * Attempts to demangle the type name of the provided template type
     * @tparam T
     * @return
     */
    template<typename T>
    static BLT_CPP20_CONSTEXPR inline std::string type_name()
    {
        int status;
        std::string return_name = typeid(T).name();
        // only defined for GNU C++11?
        char *demangled_name = abi::__cxa_demangle(return_name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status);
        if (demangled_name == nullptr)
            return return_name;
        return_name = demangled_name;
        std::free(demangled_name);
        return return_name;
    }
    
    template<typename T>
    static BLT_CPP20_CONSTEXPR inline std::string is_UDP_or_TCP(){
        std::string type = "UDP";
        if (blt::string::contains(blt::type_name<T>(), "TCP"))
            type = "TCP";
        return type;
    }

#endif
    
}

#endif //INSANE_DNS_UTIL_H

// these are no longer used, but I am keeping them around because they are useful and were not added to git

//    template<class T>
//    struct is_byte_ptr_type : std::integral_constant<bool,
//            std::is_same_v<T, std::int8_t*> || std::is_same_v<T, std::uint8_t*> ||
//            std::is_same_v<T, unsigned char*> || std::is_same_v<T, char*> || std::is_same_v<T, signed char*>>
//    {
//    };
//
//    template<typename T>
//    inline constexpr bool is_byte_ptr_type_v = is_byte_ptr_type<T>::value;
//
//    template<typename IN, typename OUT>
//    using messageFunction = std::function<void(const std::string&, const IN&, size_t, OUT&, size_t&)>;