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sql types
2024-02-26 15:40:05 -05:00
/**
* @file Database.h
* @ingroup SQLiteCpp
* @brief Management of a SQLite Database Connection.
*
* Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Sebastien Rombauts (sebastien.rombauts@gmail.com)
*
* Distributed under the MIT License (MIT) (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt
* or copy at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/
#pragma once
#include <SQLiteCpp/SQLiteCppExport.h>
#include <SQLiteCpp/Column.h>
// c++17: MinGW GCC version > 8
// c++17: Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7
// c++17: macOS unless targetting compatibility with macOS < 10.15
#ifndef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
#if __GNUC__ > 8 // MinGW requires GCC version > 8 for std::filesystem
#define SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#endif
#elif defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101500
// macOS clang won't let us touch std::filesystem if we're targetting earlier than 10.15
#elif defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && defined(__IPHONE_13_0) && \
__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < __IPHONE_13_0
// build for iOS clang won't let us touch std::filesystem if we're targetting earlier than iOS 13
#else
#define SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#endif
#elif defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
#define SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#endif
// disable the support if the required header is not available
#ifdef __has_include
#if !__has_include(<filesystem>)
#undef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#endif
#if !__has_include(<experimental/filesystem>)
#undef SQLITECPP_HAVE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
#endif
#endif
// C++17 allow to disable std::filesystem support
#ifdef SQLITECPP_DISABLE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#undef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#undef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
#endif
#ifdef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#include <filesystem>
#endif // c++17 and a suitable compiler
#else // SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
#define SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
#include <experimental/filesystem>
namespace std {
namespace filesystem = experimental::filesystem;
}
#endif // SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
#include <memory>
#include <string.h>
// Forward declarations to avoid inclusion of <sqlite3.h> in a header
struct sqlite3;
struct sqlite3_context;
#ifndef SQLITE_USE_LEGACY_STRUCT // Since SQLITE 3.19 (used by default since SQLiteCpp 2.1.0)
typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
#else // Before SQLite 3.19 (legacy struct forward declaration can be activated with CMake SQLITECPP_LEGACY_STRUCT var)
struct Mem;
typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
#endif
namespace SQLite
{
// Those public constants enable most usages of SQLiteCpp without including <sqlite3.h> in the client application.
/// The database is opened in read-only mode. If the database does not already exist, an error is returned.
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_READONLY; // SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
/// The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading only if the file is write protected
/// by the operating system. In either case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_READWRITE; // SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
/// With OPEN_READWRITE: The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if it does not already exist.
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_CREATE; // SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
/// Enable URI filename interpretation, parsed according to RFC 3986 (ex. "file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private")
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_URI; // SQLITE_OPEN_URI
/// Open in memory database
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_MEMORY; // SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY
/// Open database in multi-thread threading mode
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_NOMUTEX; // SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX
/// Open database with thread-safety in serialized threading mode
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_FULLMUTEX; // SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX
/// Open database with shared cache enabled
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_SHAREDCACHE; // SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE
/// Open database with shared cache disabled
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_PRIVATECACHE; // SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE
/// Database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link (Note: only since SQlite 3.31.0 from 2020-01-22)
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OPEN_NOFOLLOW; // SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW
SQLITECPP_API extern const int OK; ///< SQLITE_OK (used by check() bellow)
SQLITECPP_API extern const char* const VERSION; ///< SQLITE_VERSION string from sqlite3.h used at compile time
SQLITECPP_API extern const int VERSION_NUMBER; ///< SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER from sqlite3.h used at compile time
/// Return SQLite version string using runtime call to the compiled library
SQLITECPP_API const char* getLibVersion() noexcept;
/// Return SQLite version number using runtime call to the compiled library
SQLITECPP_API int getLibVersionNumber() noexcept;
// Public structure for representing all fields contained within the SQLite header.
// Official documentation for fields: https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html#the_database_header
struct Header {
unsigned char headerStr[16];
unsigned int pageSizeBytes;
unsigned char fileFormatWriteVersion;
unsigned char fileFormatReadVersion;
unsigned char reservedSpaceBytes;
unsigned char maxEmbeddedPayloadFrac;
unsigned char minEmbeddedPayloadFrac;
unsigned char leafPayloadFrac;
unsigned long fileChangeCounter;
unsigned long databaseSizePages;
unsigned long firstFreelistTrunkPage;
unsigned long totalFreelistPages;
unsigned long schemaCookie;
unsigned long schemaFormatNumber;
unsigned long defaultPageCacheSizeBytes;
unsigned long largestBTreePageNumber;
unsigned long databaseTextEncoding;
unsigned long userVersion;
unsigned long incrementalVaccumMode;
unsigned long applicationId;
unsigned long versionValidFor;
unsigned long sqliteVersion;
};
/**
* @brief RAII management of a SQLite Database Connection.
*
* A Database object manage a list of all SQLite Statements associated with the
* underlying SQLite 3 database connection.
*
* Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) means that the Database Connection
* is opened in the constructor and closed in the destructor, so that there is
* no need to worry about memory management or the validity of the underlying SQLite Connection.
*
* Thread-safety: a Database object shall not be shared by multiple threads, because :
* 1) in the SQLite "Thread Safe" mode, "SQLite can be safely used by multiple threads
* provided that no single database connection is used simultaneously in two or more threads."
* 2) the SQLite "Serialized" mode is not supported by SQLiteC++,
* because of the way it shares the underling SQLite precompiled statement
* in a custom shared pointer (See the inner class "Statement::Ptr").
*/
class SQLITECPP_API Database
{
friend class Statement; // Give Statement constructor access to the mSQLitePtr Connection Handle
public:
/**
* @brief Open the provided database UTF-8 filename.
*
* Uses sqlite3_open_v2() with readonly default flag, which is the opposite behavior
* of the old sqlite3_open() function (READWRITE+CREATE).
* This makes sense if you want to use it on a readonly filesystem
* or to prevent creation of a void file when a required file is missing.
*
* Exception is thrown in case of error, then the Database object is NOT constructed.
*
* @param[in] apFilename UTF-8 path/uri to the database file ("filename" sqlite3 parameter)
* @param[in] aFlags SQLite::OPEN_READONLY/SQLite::OPEN_READWRITE/SQLite::OPEN_CREATE...
* @param[in] aBusyTimeoutMs Amount of milliseconds to wait before returning SQLITE_BUSY (see setBusyTimeout())
* @param[in] apVfs UTF-8 name of custom VFS to use, or nullptr for sqlite3 default
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
Database(const char* apFilename,
const int aFlags = SQLite::OPEN_READONLY,
const int aBusyTimeoutMs = 0,
const char* apVfs = nullptr);
/**
* @brief Open the provided database UTF-8 filename.
*
* Uses sqlite3_open_v2() with readonly default flag, which is the opposite behavior
* of the old sqlite3_open() function (READWRITE+CREATE).
* This makes sense if you want to use it on a readonly filesystem
* or to prevent creation of a void file when a required file is missing.
*
* Exception is thrown in case of error, then the Database object is NOT constructed.
*
* @param[in] aFilename UTF-8 path/uri to the database file ("filename" sqlite3 parameter)
* @param[in] aFlags SQLite::OPEN_READONLY/SQLite::OPEN_READWRITE/SQLite::OPEN_CREATE...
* @param[in] aBusyTimeoutMs Amount of milliseconds to wait before returning SQLITE_BUSY (see setBusyTimeout())
* @param[in] aVfs UTF-8 name of custom VFS to use, or empty string for sqlite3 default
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
Database(const std::string& aFilename,
const int aFlags = SQLite::OPEN_READONLY,
const int aBusyTimeoutMs = 0,
const std::string& aVfs = "") :
Database(aFilename.c_str(), aFlags, aBusyTimeoutMs, aVfs.empty() ? nullptr : aVfs.c_str())
{
}
#ifdef SQLITECPP_HAVE_STD_FILESYSTEM
/**
* @brief Open the provided database std::filesystem::path.
*
* @note This feature requires std=C++17
*
* Uses sqlite3_open_v2() with readonly default flag, which is the opposite behavior
* of the old sqlite3_open() function (READWRITE+CREATE).
* This makes sense if you want to use it on a readonly filesystem
* or to prevent creation of a void file when a required file is missing.
*
* Exception is thrown in case of error, then the Database object is NOT constructed.
*
* @param[in] apFilename Path/uri to the database file ("filename" sqlite3 parameter)
* @param[in] aFlags SQLite::OPEN_READONLY/SQLite::OPEN_READWRITE/SQLite::OPEN_CREATE...
* @param[in] aBusyTimeoutMs Amount of milliseconds to wait before returning SQLITE_BUSY (see setBusyTimeout())
* @param[in] apVfs UTF-8 name of custom VFS to use, or nullptr for sqlite3 default
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
Database(const std::filesystem::path& apFilename,
const int aFlags = SQLite::OPEN_READONLY,
const int aBusyTimeoutMs = 0,
const std::string& aVfs = "") :
Database(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(apFilename.u8string().c_str()),
aFlags, aBusyTimeoutMs, aVfs.empty() ? nullptr : aVfs.c_str())
{
}
#endif // have std::filesystem
// Database is non-copyable
Database(const Database&) = delete;
Database& operator=(const Database&) = delete;
// Database is movable
Database(Database&& aDatabase) = default;
Database& operator=(Database&& aDatabase) = default;
/**
* @brief Close the SQLite database connection.
*
* All SQLite statements must have been finalized before,
* so all Statement objects must have been unregistered.
*
* @warning assert in case of error
*/
~Database() = default;
// Deleter functor to use with smart pointers to close the SQLite database connection in an RAII fashion.
struct Deleter
{
SQLITECPP_API void operator()(sqlite3* apSQLite);
};
/**
* @brief Set a busy handler that sleeps for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.
*
* This is useful in multithreaded program to handle case where a table is locked for writing by a thread.
* Any other thread cannot access the table and will receive a SQLITE_BUSY error:
* setting a timeout will wait and retry up to the time specified before returning this SQLITE_BUSY error.
* Reading the value of timeout for current connection can be done with SQL query "PRAGMA busy_timeout;".
* Default busy timeout is 0ms.
*
* @param[in] aBusyTimeoutMs Amount of milliseconds to wait before returning SQLITE_BUSY
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void setBusyTimeout(const int aBusyTimeoutMs);
/**
* @brief Shortcut to execute one or multiple statements without results. Return the number of changes.
*
* This is useful for any kind of statements other than the Data Query Language (DQL) "SELECT" :
* - Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements "INSERT", "UPDATE" and "DELETE"
* - Data Definition Language (DDL) statements "CREATE", "ALTER" and "DROP"
* - Data Control Language (DCL) statements "GRANT", "REVOKE", "COMMIT" and "ROLLBACK"
*
* @see Database::tryExec() to execute, returning the sqlite result code
* @see Statement::exec() to handle precompiled statements (for better performances) without results
* @see Statement::executeStep() to handle "SELECT" queries with results
*
* @param[in] apQueries one or multiple UTF-8 encoded, semicolon-separate SQL statements
*
* @return number of rows modified by the *last* INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement (beware of multiple statements)
* @warning undefined for CREATE or DROP table: returns the value of a previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
int exec(const char* apQueries);
/**
* @brief Shortcut to execute one or multiple statements without results.
*
* This is useful for any kind of statements other than the Data Query Language (DQL) "SELECT" :
* - Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements "INSERT", "UPDATE" and "DELETE"
* - Data Definition Language (DDL) statements "CREATE", "ALTER" and "DROP"
* - Data Control Language (DCL) statements "GRANT", "REVOKE", "COMMIT" and "ROLLBACK"
*
* @see Database::tryExec() to execute, returning the sqlite result code
* @see Statement::exec() to handle precompiled statements (for better performances) without results
* @see Statement::executeStep() to handle "SELECT" queries with results
*
* @param[in] aQueries one or multiple UTF-8 encoded, semicolon-separate SQL statements
*
* @return number of rows modified by the *last* INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement (beware of multiple statements)
* @warning undefined for CREATE or DROP table: returns the value of a previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
int exec(const std::string& aQueries)
{
return exec(aQueries.c_str());
}
/**
* @brief Try to execute one or multiple statements, returning the sqlite result code.
*
* This is useful for any kind of statements other than the Data Query Language (DQL) "SELECT" :
* - Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements "INSERT", "UPDATE" and "DELETE"
* - Data Definition Language (DDL) statements "CREATE", "ALTER" and "DROP"
* - Data Control Language (DCL) statements "GRANT", "REVOKE", "COMMIT" and "ROLLBACK"
*
* @see exec() to execute, returning number of rows modified
*
* @param[in] apQueries one or multiple UTF-8 encoded, semicolon-separate SQL statements
*
* @return the sqlite result code.
*/
int tryExec(const char* apQueries) noexcept;
/**
* @brief Try to execute one or multiple statements, returning the sqlite result code.
*
* This is useful for any kind of statements other than the Data Query Language (DQL) "SELECT" :
* - Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements "INSERT", "UPDATE" and "DELETE"
* - Data Definition Language (DDL) statements "CREATE", "ALTER" and "DROP"
* - Data Control Language (DCL) statements "GRANT", "REVOKE", "COMMIT" and "ROLLBACK"
*
* @see exec() to execute, returning number of rows modified
*
* @param[in] aQueries one or multiple UTF-8 encoded, semicolon-separate SQL statements
*
* @return the sqlite result code.
*/
int tryExec(const std::string& aQueries) noexcept
{
return tryExec(aQueries.c_str());
}
/**
* @brief Shortcut to execute a one step query and fetch the first column of the result.
*
* This is a shortcut to execute a simple statement with a single result.
* This should be used only for non reusable queries (else you should use a Statement with bind()).
* This should be used only for queries with expected results (else an exception is fired).
*
* @warning WARNING: Be very careful with this dangerous method: you have to
* make a COPY OF THE result, else it will be destroy before the next line
* (when the underlying temporary Statement and Column objects are destroyed)
*
* @see also Statement class for handling queries with multiple results
*
* @param[in] apQuery an UTF-8 encoded SQL query
*
* @return a temporary Column object with the first column of result.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
Column execAndGet(const char* apQuery);
/**
* @brief Shortcut to execute a one step query and fetch the first column of the result.
*
* This is a shortcut to execute a simple statement with a single result.
* This should be used only for non reusable queries (else you should use a Statement with bind()).
* This should be used only for queries with expected results (else an exception is fired).
*
* @warning WARNING: Be very careful with this dangerous method: you have to
* make a COPY OF THE result, else it will be destroy before the next line
* (when the underlying temporary Statement and Column objects are destroyed)
*
* @see also Statement class for handling queries with multiple results
*
* @param[in] aQuery an UTF-8 encoded SQL query
*
* @return a temporary Column object with the first column of result.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
Column execAndGet(const std::string& aQuery)
{
return execAndGet(aQuery.c_str());
}
/**
* @brief Shortcut to test if a table exists.
*
* Table names are case sensitive.
*
* @param[in] apTableName an UTF-8 encoded case sensitive Table name
*
* @return true if the table exists.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
bool tableExists(const char* apTableName) const;
/**
* @brief Shortcut to test if a table exists.
*
* Table names are case sensitive.
*
* @param[in] aTableName an UTF-8 encoded case sensitive Table name
*
* @return true if the table exists.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
bool tableExists(const std::string& aTableName) const
{
return tableExists(aTableName.c_str());
}
/**
* @brief Get the rowid of the most recent successful INSERT into the database from the current connection.
*
* Each entry in an SQLite table always has a unique 64-bit signed integer key called the rowid.
* If the table has a column of type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then it is an alias for the rowid.
*
* @return Rowid of the most recent successful INSERT into the database, or 0 if there was none.
*/
int64_t getLastInsertRowid() const noexcept;
/// Get number of rows modified by last INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement (not DROP table).
int getChanges() const noexcept;
/// Get total number of rows modified by all INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement since connection (not DROP table).
int getTotalChanges() const noexcept;
/// Return the numeric result code for the most recent failed API call (if any).
int getErrorCode() const noexcept;
/// Return the extended numeric result code for the most recent failed API call (if any).
int getExtendedErrorCode() const noexcept;
/// Return UTF-8 encoded English language explanation of the most recent failed API call (if any).
const char* getErrorMsg() const noexcept;
/// Return the filename used to open the database.
const std::string& getFilename() const noexcept
{
return mFilename;
}
/**
* @brief Return raw pointer to SQLite Database Connection Handle.
*
* This is often needed to mix this wrapper with other libraries or for advance usage not supported by SQLiteCpp.
*/
sqlite3* getHandle() const noexcept
{
return mSQLitePtr.get();
}
/**
* @brief Create or redefine a SQL function or aggregate in the sqlite database.
*
* This is the equivalent of the sqlite3_create_function_v2 command.
* @see http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html
*
* @note UTF-8 text encoding assumed.
*
* @param[in] apFuncName Name of the SQL function to be created or redefined
* @param[in] aNbArg Number of arguments in the function
* @param[in] abDeterministic Optimize for deterministic functions (most are). A random number generator is not.
* @param[in] apApp Arbitrary pointer of user data, accessible with sqlite3_user_data().
* @param[in] apFunc Pointer to a C-function to implement a scalar SQL function (apStep & apFinal nullptr)
* @param[in] apStep Pointer to a C-function to implement an aggregate SQL function (apFunc nullptr)
* @param[in] apFinal Pointer to a C-function to implement an aggregate SQL function (apFunc nullptr)
* @param[in] apDestroy If not nullptr, then it is the destructor for the application data pointer.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void createFunction(const char* apFuncName,
int aNbArg,
bool abDeterministic,
void* apApp,
void (*apFunc)(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **),
void (*apStep)(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **) = nullptr,
void (*apFinal)(sqlite3_context *) = nullptr, // NOLINT(readability/casting)
void (*apDestroy)(void *) = nullptr);
/**
* @brief Load a module into the current sqlite database instance.
*
* This is the equivalent of the sqlite3_load_extension call, but additionally enables
* module loading support prior to loading the requested module.
*
* @see http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/load_extension.html
*
* @note UTF-8 text encoding assumed.
*
* @param[in] apExtensionName Name of the shared library containing extension
* @param[in] apEntryPointName Name of the entry point (nullptr to let sqlite work it out)
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void loadExtension(const char* apExtensionName, const char* apEntryPointName);
/**
* @brief Set the key for the current sqlite database instance.
*
* This is the equivalent of the sqlite3_key call and should thus be called
* directly after opening the database.
* Open encrypted database -> call db.key("secret") -> database ready
*
* @param[in] aKey Key to decode/encode the database
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void key(const std::string& aKey) const;
/**
* @brief Reset the key for the current sqlite database instance.
*
* This is the equivalent of the sqlite3_rekey call and should thus be called
* after the database has been opened with a valid key. To decrypt a
* database, call this method with an empty string.
* Open normal database -> call db.rekey("secret") -> encrypted database, database ready
* Open encrypted database -> call db.key("secret") -> call db.rekey("newsecret") -> change key, database ready
* Open encrypted database -> call db.key("secret") -> call db.rekey("") -> decrypted database, database ready
*
* @param[in] aNewKey New key to encode the database
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void rekey(const std::string& aNewKey) const;
/**
* @brief Test if a file contains an unencrypted database.
*
* This is a simple test that reads the first bytes of a database file and
* compares them to the standard header for unencrypted databases. If the
* header does not match the standard string, we assume that we have an
* encrypted file.
*
* @param[in] aFilename path/uri to a file
*
* @return true if the database has the standard header.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
static bool isUnencrypted(const std::string& aFilename);
/**
* @brief Parse SQLite header data from a database file.
*
* This function reads the first 100 bytes of a SQLite database file
* and reconstructs groups of individual bytes into the associated fields
* in a Header object.
*
* @param[in] aFilename path/uri to a file
*
* @return Header object containing file data
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
static Header getHeaderInfo(const std::string& aFilename);
// Parse SQLite header data from a database file.
Header getHeaderInfo() const
{
return getHeaderInfo(mFilename);
}
/**
* @brief BackupType for the backup() method
*/
enum BackupType { Save, Load };
/**
* @brief Load or save the database content.
*
* This function is used to load the contents of a database file on disk
* into the "main" database of open database connection, or to save the current
* contents of the database into a database file on disk.
*
* @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
*/
void backup(const char* apFilename, BackupType aType);
/**
* @brief Check if aRet equal SQLITE_OK, else throw a SQLite::Exception with the SQLite error message
*/
void check(const int aRet) const
{
if (SQLite::OK != aRet)
{
throw SQLite::Exception(getHandle(), aRet);
}
}
private:
// TODO: perhaps switch to having Statement sharing a pointer to the Connexion
std::unique_ptr<sqlite3, Deleter> mSQLitePtr; ///< Pointer to SQLite Database Connection Handle
std::string mFilename; ///< UTF-8 filename used to open the database
};
} // namespace SQLite