<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Stackful Coroutines</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2">
<link rel="home" href="../../../index.html" title="Asio">
<link rel="up" href="../composition.html" title="Composition and Completion Tokens">
<link rel="prev" href="coroutine.html" title="Stackless Coroutines">
<link rel="next" href="futures.html" title="Futures">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><img alt="asio C++ library" width="250" height="60" src="../../../asio.png"></td></tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="coroutine.html"><img src="../../../prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../composition.html"><img src="../../../up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="futures.html"><img src="../../../next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="asio.overview.composition.spawn"></a><a class="link" href="spawn.html" title="Stackful Coroutines">Stackful Coroutines</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="../../reference/spawn.html" title="spawn"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">spawn</span><span class="special">()</span></code></a> function is a high-level wrapper
for running stackful coroutines. It is based on the Boost.Coroutine library.
The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">spawn</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
function enables programs to implement asynchronous logic in a synchronous
manner, as shown in the following example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spawn</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">my_strand</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">do_echo</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">detached</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="comment">// ...</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_echo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">yield_context</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">try</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">128</span><span class="special">];</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="special">(;;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">length</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">my_socket</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">async_read_some</span><span class="special">(</span>
<span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">async_write</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">my_socket</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">length</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">catch</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">exception</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">// ...</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
<p>
The first argument to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">spawn</span><span class="special">()</span></code> may be an executor or execution context.
This argument determines the context in which the coroutine is permitted
to execute. For example, a server's per-client object may consist of multiple
coroutines; they should all run on the same <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">strand</span></code>
so that no explicit synchronisation is required.
</p>
<p>
The second argument is a function object with signature:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">coroutine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">yield_context</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
that specifies the code to be run as part of the coroutine. The parameter
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">yield</span></code> may be passed to
an asynchronous operation in place of the completion handler, as in:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">length</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">my_socket</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">async_read_some</span><span class="special">(</span>
<span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
This starts the asynchronous operation and suspends the coroutine. The
coroutine will be resumed automatically when the asynchronous operation
completes.
</p>
<p>
Where an asynchronous operation's handler signature has the form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">handler</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">error_code</span> <span class="identifier">ec</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">result</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
the initiating function returns the result_type. In the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">async_read_some</span></code>
example above, this is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">size_t</span></code>.
If the asynchronous operation fails, the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">error_code</span></code>
is converted into a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">system_error</span></code>
exception and thrown.
</p>
<p>
Where a handler signature has the form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">handler</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">error_code</span> <span class="identifier">ec</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
the initiating function returns <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>.
As above, an error is passed back to the coroutine as a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">system_error</span></code>
exception.
</p>
<p>
To collect the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">error_code</span></code>
from an operation, rather than have it throw an exception, associate the
output variable with the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">yield_context</span></code>
as follows:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">error_code</span> <span class="identifier">ec</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">length</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">my_socket</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">async_read_some</span><span class="special">(</span>
<span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">ec</span><span class="special">]);</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Note:</strong></span> if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">spawn</span><span class="special">()</span></code> is used with a specified executor of
type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Executor</span></code>, the function
object signature is actually:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">coroutine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">asio</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_yield_context</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">Executor</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">yield</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<h6>
<a name="asio.overview.composition.spawn.h0"></a>
<span><a name="asio.overview.composition.spawn.see_also"></a></span><a class="link" href="spawn.html#asio.overview.composition.spawn.see_also">See
Also</a>
</h6>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/spawn.html" title="spawn">spawn</a>, <a class="link" href="../../reference/yield_context.html" title="yield_context">yield_context</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_yield_context.html" title="basic_yield_context">basic_yield_context</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../examples/cpp03_examples.html#asio.examples.cpp03_examples.spawn">Spawn example (C++03)</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../examples/cpp11_examples.html#asio.examples.cpp11_examples.spawn">Spawn example (C++11)</a>,
<a class="link" href="coroutine.html" title="Stackless Coroutines">Stackless Coroutines</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003-2023 Christopher M. Kohlhoff<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="coroutine.html"><img src="../../../prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../composition.html"><img src="../../../up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="futures.html"><img src="../../../next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>